League strength
Competitive balance is used to calculate the uncertainty of outcome. We use this per league, as some leagues are dominated by a few clubs.
Home advantage coefficient
Home advantage reflects how difficult it is for away teams to compete in a given league. As you can see, teams in Spain benefit more from playing at home and the competitive environment is shaped more heavily by venue effects.
| country | Played | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Spain | 349 | 169 (48,42%) | 87 (24,92%) | 93 (26,64%) |
| France | 295 | 138 (46,77%) | 72 (24,40%) | 85 (28,81%) |
| Holland | 296 | 132 (44,59%) | 78 (26,35%) | 86 (29,05%) |
| Germany | 297 | 130 (43,77%) | 73 (24,57%) | 94 (31,64%) |
| England | 358 | 151 (42,17%) | 97 (27,09%) | 110 (30,72%) |
| Portugal | 290 | 119 (41,03%) | 78 (26,89%) | 93 (32,06%) |
| Italy | 359 | 141 (39,27%) | 95 (26,46%) | 123 (34,26%) |
Average goals per match
Average goals per match is a direct measure of how tight or open a league is, making it a simple but powerful competitive balance indicator (When goals are scarce, matches are tighter and small differences matter more). In Germany most goals are scored on average.
| country | Played | Total scored | Avg scored | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Germany | 297 | 957 | 3,22 | 523 (54,64%) | 434 (45,35%) |
| Holland | 296 | 940 | 3,17 | 533 (56,70%) | 407 (43,29%) |
| France | 295 | 832 | 2,82 | 472 (56,73%) | 360 (43,26%) |
| England | 358 | 984 | 2,74 | 544 (55,28%) | 440 (44,71%) |
| Portugal | 290 | 782 | 2,69 | 436 (55,75%) | 346 (44,24%) |
| Spain | 349 | 938 | 2,68 | 544 (57,99%) | 394 (42,00%) |
| Italy | 359 | 866 | 2,41 | 461 (53,23%) | 405 (46,76%) |
Home audience advantage
| country | Played | Total audience | Average per game |
|---|---|---|---|
| Germany | 297 | 12.170.257 | 40.977 |
| England | 358 | 14.409.072 | 40.248 |
| Spain | 349 | 10.544.136 | 30.212 |
| Italy | 359 | 10.510.849 | 29.278 |
| France | 295 | 7.831.962 | 26.549 |
| Holland | 296 | 5.651.074 | 19.091 |
| Portugal | 290 | 3.440.727 | 11.864 |