League strength
Competitive balance is used to calculate the uncertainty of outcome. We use this per league, as some leagues are dominated by a few clubs.
Home advantage coefficient
Home advantage reflects how difficult it is for away teams to compete in a given league. As you can see, teams in Spain benefit more from playing at home and the competitive environment is shaped more heavily by venue effects.
| country | Played | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Spain | 310 | 151 (48,70%) | 78 (25,16%) | 81 (26,12%) |
| France | 267 | 126 (47,19%) | 64 (23,97%) | 77 (28,83%) |
| Holland | 270 | 121 (44,81%) | 70 (25,92%) | 79 (29,25%) |
| Germany | 270 | 119 (44,07%) | 66 (24,44%) | 85 (31,48%) |
| England | 328 | 137 (41,76%) | 88 (26,82%) | 103 (31,40%) |
| Portugal | 267 | 109 (40,82%) | 71 (26,59%) | 87 (32,58%) |
| Italy | 329 | 132 (40,12%) | 84 (25,53%) | 113 (34,34%) |
Average goals per match
Average goals per match is a direct measure of how tight or open a league is, making it a simple but powerful competitive balance indicator (When goals are scarce, matches are tighter and small differences matter more). In Germany most goals are scored on average.
| country | Played | Total scored | Avg scored | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Germany | 270 | 865 | 3,20 | 473 (54,68%) | 392 (45,31%) |
| Holland | 270 | 856 | 3,17 | 483 (56,42%) | 373 (43,57%) |
| France | 267 | 742 | 2,77 | 423 (57,00%) | 319 (42,99%) |
| England | 328 | 901 | 2,74 | 494 (54,82%) | 407 (45,17%) |
| Portugal | 267 | 720 | 2,69 | 400 (55,55%) | 320 (44,44%) |
| Spain | 310 | 835 | 2,69 | 488 (58,44%) | 347 (41,55%) |
| Italy | 329 | 799 | 2,42 | 425 (53,19%) | 374 (46,80%) |
Home audience advantage
| country | Played | Total audience | Average per game |
|---|---|---|---|
| Germany | 270 | 11.235.175 | 41.611 |
| England | 328 | 13.424.984 | 40.929 |
| Spain | 310 | 9.651.738 | 31.134 |
| Italy | 329 | 9.811.737 | 29.822 |
| France | 267 | 7.086.305 | 26.540 |
| Holland | 270 | 5.272.511 | 19.527 |
| Portugal | 267 | 3.076.408 | 11.522 |