League strength
Competitive balance is used to calculate the uncertainty of outcome. We use this per league, as some leagues are dominated by a few clubs.
Home advantage coefficient
Home advantage reflects how difficult it is for away teams to compete in a given league. As you can see, teams in Spain benefit more from playing at home and the competitive environment is shaped more heavily by venue effects.
| country | Played | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Spain | 290 | 140 (48,27%) | 73 (25,17%) | 77 (26,55%) |
| France | 242 | 116 (47,93%) | 54 (22,31%) | 72 (29,75%) |
| Germany | 243 | 110 (45,26%) | 59 (24,27%) | 74 (30,45%) |
| Holland | 252 | 114 (45,23%) | 64 (25,39%) | 74 (29,36%) |
| England | 309 | 129 (41,74%) | 84 (27,18%) | 96 (31,06%) |
| Portugal | 241 | 98 (40,66%) | 63 (26,14%) | 80 (33,19%) |
| Italy | 300 | 119 (39,66%) | 79 (26,33%) | 102 (34,00%) |
Average goals per match
Average goals per match is a direct measure of how tight or open a league is, making it a simple but powerful competitive balance indicator (When goals are scarce, matches are tighter and small differences matter more). In Holland most goals are scored on average.
| country | Played | Total scored | Avg scored | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Holland | 252 | 806 | 3,19 | 454 (56,32%) | 352 (43,67%) |
| Germany | 243 | 774 | 3,18 | 427 (55,16%) | 347 (44,83%) |
| France | 242 | 672 | 2,77 | 384 (57,14%) | 288 (42,85%) |
| England | 309 | 845 | 2,73 | 463 (54,79%) | 382 (45,20%) |
| Portugal | 241 | 651 | 2,70 | 359 (55,14%) | 292 (44,85%) |
| Spain | 290 | 784 | 2,70 | 457 (58,29%) | 327 (41,70%) |
| Italy | 300 | 733 | 2,44 | 389 (53,06%) | 344 (46,93%) |
Home audience advantage
| country | Played | Total audience | Average per game |
|---|---|---|---|
| Germany | 243 | 10.270.532 | 42.265 |
| England | 309 | 12.820.689 | 41.490 |
| Spain | 290 | 9.024.328 | 31.118 |
| Italy | 300 | 9.020.694 | 30.068 |
| France | 242 | 6.596.941 | 27.260 |
| Holland | 252 | 4.960.137 | 19.683 |
| Portugal | 241 | 2.850.189 | 11.826 |